Percentage Of Wound Contraction Research Articles

Phlomis crinita Cav. From Algeria: A source of bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant and wound healing activities

Ethnopharmacological relevancePhlomis crinita Cav. (Lamiaceae), locally known as “El Khayata” or “Kayat El Adjarah”, is traditionally used in Algeria for its wound-healing properties. Aim of the studyInvestigate, for the first time, the phytochemical profile, safety, antioxidant and wound-healing activities of the flowering tops methanolic extract of P. crinita (PCME) collected from Bouira Province in the North of Algeria. Materials and methodsPreliminary phytochemical assays were carried out on PCME to quantify the main classes of bioactive compounds, such as total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. An in-depth LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis was carried out to elucidate the phytochemical profile of this plant species. Antioxidant activity was investigated by several colorimetric and fluorimetric assays (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, ORAC, β-carotene bleaching and ferrozine assay). The acute oral toxicity of PCME (2000 mg/kg b.w.) was tested in vivo on Swiss albino mice, whereas the acute dermal toxicity and wound-healing properties of the PCME ointment (1–5% PCMO) were tested in vivo on Wistar albino rats. Biochemical and histological analyses were carried out on biological samples. ResultsThe phytochemical screening highlighted a high content of phenolic compounds (175.49 ± 0.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry extract), mainly flavonoids (82.28 ± 0.44 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of dry extract). Fifty-seven compounds were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, belonging mainly to the class of flavones (32.27%), with luteolin 7-(6″-acetylglucoside) as the most abundant compound and phenolic acids (32.54%), with salvianolic acid C as the most abundant compound. A conspicuous presence of phenylethanoids (15.26%) was also found, of which the major constituent is forsythoside B. PCME showed a strong antioxidant activity with half-inhibitory activity (IC50) ranging from 1.88 to 37.88 μg/mL and a moderate iron chelating activity (IC50 327.44 μg/mL). PCME appears to be safe with Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) ≥ 2000 mg/kg b.w. No mortality or toxicity signs, including any statistically significant changes in body weight gain and relative organs’ weight with respect to the control group, were recorded. A significant (p < 0.001) wound contraction was observed in the 5% PCMO-treated group with respect to the untreated and petroleum jelly groups between 8 and 20 days, whereas no statistically significant results were observed at the two lower doses (1 and 2% PCMO). In addition, the 5% PCMO-treated group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) wound healing activity with respect to the reference drug-treated group, showing, at the end of the study, the highest wound contraction percentage (88.00 ± 0.16%). ConclusionPCME was safe and showed strong antioxidant and wound-healing properties, suggesting new interesting pharmaceutical applications for P. crinita based on its traditional use.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds accelerates wound healing in rats: Possible molecular mechanisms.

Wound healing is a complex, intricate, and dynamic process that requires effective therapeutic management. The current study evaluates the wound healing potentials of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. seeds (CCS) in rats. Sprague Dawley (24) rats were distributed into four cages, wounds produced on the back of the neck, and received two daily topical treatments for 14 days: A, rats received normal saline; B, wounded rats treated with intrasite gel; C and D, rats received 0.2mL of 250 and 500mg/kg of CCS, respectively. After that, wound area and closure percentage were evaluated, and wound tissues were dissected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical examinations. Acute toxicity trials of methanolic extract of CCS showed the absence of any physiological changes or mortality in rats. CCS application caused a significant reduction in wound size and a statistically elevated percentage of wound contraction than those of vehicle rats. CCS treatment caused significant up-regulation of collagen fiber, fibroblasts, and fewer inflammatory cells (inflammation) in granulation tissues. TGF-β1 (angiogenetic factor) was significantly more expressed in CCS-treated rats in comparison to normal saline-treated rats; therefore, more fibroblasts transformed into myofibroblasts (angiogenesis). CCS-treated rats showed remarkable antioxidant potentials (higher SOD and CAT enzymes) and decreased MDA (lipid peroxidation) levels in their wound tissue homogenates. Hydroxyproline amino acid (collagen) was significantly up-regulated by CCS treatment, which is commonly related to faster wound closure area. The outcomes suggest CCS as a viable new source of pharmaceuticals for wound treatment.

Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of a Cuscuta chinensis Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsion-Based Gel

Cuscuta chinensis (C. chinensis) presents many pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic effects, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. However, the wound care properties of this plant have not yet been reported. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of ethanol and ethyl acetate C. chinensis extracts. The phytochemical markers in the extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, the selected C. chinensis extract was developed into a nanoemulsion-based gel for wound care testing in rats. The results showed that both of the C. chinensis extracts exhibited antioxidant activity when tested using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. They reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The ethyl acetate extract also had antibacterial properties. Kaempferol was found in both extracts, whereas hyperoside was found only in the ethanol extract. These compounds were found to be related to the biological activities of the extracts, confirmed via molecular docking. The C. chinensis extract-loaded nanoemulsions had a small particle size, a narrow polydispersity index (PDI), and good stability. Furthermore, the C. chinensis extract-loaded nanoemulsion-based gel had a positive effect on wound healing, presenting a better percentage wound contraction Fucidin cream. In conclusion, this formulation has the potential for use as an alternative wound treatment and warrants further study in clinical trials.

Wound healing activity of hydromethanolic Dioscorea bulbifera extract on male wistar rat excision wound models

IntroductionWound healing is a complex physiological process that involves a series of coordinated events that recover structural and functional tissue integrity. The desire to promote nature-based solutions has led to the screening of various plants and herbs for their wound healing potentials with results showing the enhancement of various aspects of the wound healing process. Dioscorea bulbifera possesses a wide range of applications in folk remedies. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used in the treatment of mumps, goitre, sore throat, gastric cancer and carcinoma of the rectum alone or in combination with other plants. The present study evaluated the effect of hydromethanolic extract of Dioscorea bulbifera (HEDB) on wound size, percentage of wound contraction and tissue hydroxyproline in male Wistar rat excision wound models. MethodsTwenty-five (25) male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were used for the study. They were divided into five (5) groups comprising five (5) animals per group. A circular excision wound (1.5–2 cm) was experimentally induced in each animal following ketamine anaesthesia. Groups I and II served as negative and positive controls and were treated with topical administration of distilled water and petroleum jelly respectively. Groups III, IV and V served as the experimental groups and were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of HEDB topically. The diameter of the wound was measured and the wound area and percentage of wound contraction were calculated. Tissue hydroxyproline was determined using tissue excised from the healed portion of the dorsal surface of the animals via coulometric standard procedures. ResultsData from the study indicates that animals in the experimental groups (III, IV and V) had an earlier wound closure compared to the control. Animals treated with 200 mg/kg HEDB (Group III) showed complete wound closure by day 17, whereas animals treated with 400 mg/kg (Group IV) and 800 mg/kg HEDB (Group V) groups achieved complete wound closure by the 18th and 20th day of the experiment respectively. Similarly, all the animals in the experimental groups had significantly increased percentage of wound contraction compared to negative control (P < 0.05). Tissue hydroxyproline was significantly raised amongst the animals treated with 200 and 800 mg/kgHEDB compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). DiscussionEvidence from the study has shown that HEDB possesses potent wound healing activity as the present study has demonstrated that it reduced wound area, and increased wound contraction and tissue hydroxyproline on experimentally induced excision wound male Wistar rat models. These findings provide scientific evidence that validates the traditional medicinal application of Dioscorea bulbifera in promoting wound healing.

Experimental study of Pruthvisara taila in excised wound model in Wistar albino rats

 Pruthvisara taila is a formulation indicated in the chikitsa of vrana as topical medicine in classical text Chakradatta. It contains Shuddha chitrakamoola, Shuddha vatsanabha, Shuddha karaveera, Nirgundi moola, Nadibeeja, Kanji and Karanja taila as the base. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of wound healing property of Pruthvisara taila through experimental study. Methodology: Wound healing property in albino rats by excision wound healing model and its histopathology study. Results: Results of the study on the parameters assessed like percentage of wound contraction and histopathology study; percentage of wound closure was observed in Control group was 94.92%, in standard it was 93.73% and in test drug the percentage of wound contraction was 95.73%.The test drug, Pruthvisara taila showed more angiogenesis and formation of new blood vessels than standard group and in control group there was absence of formation of new blood vessels and proliferation of fibroblast cells. The control group did not show any collagen formation and scab formation the test drug Pruthvisara taila showed moderate formation and deposition compared to standard drug. Compared to control and standard group, the test drug, Pruthvisara taila selected in this study showed remarkable wound healing property in excised wound.

Investigation Effect of Aloe Vera in Fresh Gel Form on Rabbit’s Model Wound

Background: Aloe is plant possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen namely Aloe vera used as a multipurpose skin treatment.&#x0D; Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of topical Aloe vera gel in fresh form on the wound healing of rabbit model in comparison with Moist Exposed Wound Ointment (MEBO) .&#x0D; Methods: The experimental animals as models of excision wounds that were classified into four groups. The 1st group was not treated as a control, the 2nd group was treated with a placebo (petroleum gel), the 3rd group was treated with Mebo as drug standard, and the 4th group was treated with Aloe vera gel in fresh form.  This study was carried out in Sana’a city during the period of three weeks.  The healing parameters were epithelization period (scar fall day) and percentage of wound contraction (%) and the data obtained were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the significant difference between study group (p &lt; 0.05)   and the effect of this plant on an increase in the percentage (%) of wound contraction was better than the standard drug (Mebo) group and other groups. On the other mean, on the 16th day, the percentage of wound contraction of the treated group with Aloe vera was 100 % while in the treated group with Mebo was 97.6%. In addition, in placebo and control groups were 76.6 % and 73.8 %, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Finally, from these findings, it could be concluded that the application of Aloe vera gel in topically administered to an open wound induces significant wound contraction and accelerates wound healing and this herbal may be a promising medication for open wounds.  

Chromolaena odorata layered-nitrile rubber polymer transdermal patch enhanced wound healing in vivo.

The objective is to investigate the healing efficacy of a Chromolaena odorata layered-nitrile rubber transdermal patch on excision wound healing in rats. Wounds were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats and were later treated as follows: wound A, the negative control, received no treatment (NC); wound B, the negative control with an empty nitrile rubber patch (NC-ERP); wound C, treated with a C. odorata layered-nitrile rubber patch (CO-NRP); and wound D, the positive control with Solcoseryl gel with a nitrile rubber patch (PC-SG-NRP). After 1, 3, 6, 10, and 14 days, the rats were sacrificed and analyzed for wound contraction, protein content, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels. Macroscopic observation showed enhanced wound healing in wounds treated with CO-NRP with a wound contraction percentage significantly higher (p<0.05) on days 6 and 10 compared to those treated with NC-ERP. Similarly, protein, hexosamine, and uronic acid contents were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in CO-NRP-treated wounds when compared with wounds treated with NC-ERP. Histological findings showed denser collagen deposition and faster granulation tissue formation in wounds treated with CO-NRP. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the C. odorata layered-nitrile rubber transdermal patch was effective in healing skin wounds.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Verbascum Sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice.

The roots of Verbascum sinaiticum have been used traditionally for the management of wound in different regions of Ethiopia. Despite the presence of several claims and in vitro studies regarding its role in wound healing, no scientific studies have been conducted so far. Therefore, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the wound healing activities of the crude extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Verbascum sinaiticum in Swiss albino mice. The dried root powder of Verbascum sinaiticum was extracted using 80% methanol by maceration technique. This was then fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. These extracts were formulated as ointment at 5% and 10% concentration by using simple base. Acute dermal toxicity was performed on mice. The wound healing potential was evaluated using excision, incision, and burn wound models. In excision wound, 10% and 5% of crude extract ointment provided a significant (P<0.001) percentage of contraction starting from day 4 and day 6 onwards respectively. Moreover, the rate of epithelialization was significantly (P<0.001) improved in 10% crude extract. In burn wound, 10% and 5% crude extract showed significant (P<0.001) wound contraction starting from day 4 and 8 onwards respectively. In both excision and burn wounds, a moderate concentration of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition was observed on the 10% crude extract. The 5% and 10% aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions produced a significant (P<0.001) percentage of wound contraction and shortening of epithelialization at different time points compared to simple ointment. The results of this study demonstrated that the 80% methanolic crude extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of Verbascum sinaiticum root have wound healing potential which assimilates its traditional use.

Costus speciosus leaf and seed extracts for wound healing: a comparative evaluation using mice excision wound models

BackgroundThe present study investigated the potential wound healing activity comparisons between ethanol leaf & seed extracts of Costus speciosus topical formulation using mice Excision wound models, compared to Neomycin sulphate ointment as a standard drug. To assess the efficacy of Costus speciosus ointment as a potential alternative to commercially available ointments, a study was conducted using a cohort of 16 healthy male mice, aged between 3 and 4 months. The ointment formulation was prepared utilizing ethanol extracts from both the leaves and seeds, presented in a dosage form for application. This investigation seeks to provide insights into the comparative effectiveness of Costus speciosus ointments in relation to conventional market preparations, with a focus on its potential applicability as an alternative therapeutic option. The parameter measured was wound contraction and epithelization period.ResultThe mice groups treated with seed & leave extracts ointment showed better wound size changes than the negative and standard groups. However, the leaf extract ointment promotes the formation of granulation in tissue, allowing the reepithelization phase to occur more rapidly than seed extract. From the 1st day to the results of the 9th day of the extract indicate that there is a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of wound contraction in the group. After 21 days the wound was healed fully. These results suggest that ointment of ethanol leaf extract of Costus speciosus could be an answer to facilitate wound healing compared to seed extract, to approve the traditional claims of the plant in wound healing activity.ConclusionThe study concludes that ethanol leaf and seed extracts of Costus speciosus exhibit potential wound healing activity in mice excision wound models. The topical formulation of these extracts significantly enhances wound closure, reduces wound size, and increases tensile strength compared to the control group. The efficacy of the extracts is comparable to the standard drug, Neomycin sulphate ointment. Therefore, the use of Costus speciosus extracts in topical formulations can be considered a promising alternative for the treatment of wounds. However, further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these extracts in humans.

Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential of Comphora Wightii, Herbal Ointment on Wistar Rats

Background:: A herbal approach to Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent is anticipated. Phyto-constituents Guggulusterone, Naringenin, and myrrhanol were reported for the anti-inflammatory activity of Guggulu. Studies suggests, that sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) and Ratanjot (Arnebia nobilis) also act as potent anti-inflammatory agents.. A combination of all three of these gives a synergistic effect for anti-inflammatory and excisional wound healing activity. Materials and Method:: A simple ointment base, BP and 5% Ratanjot, and Sesame oil were prepared. All the components, i.e., Guggulu, 5% Ratanjot Sesame oil, and simple ointment base, were added and triturated uni-directionally until a smooth, homogenous mixture was obtained. 25% w/w (F1) and 27% w/w (F2) Guggulu ointment were prepared. Four groups, each with three wistar rats, were studied for fourteen days. On the fourteenth day, rats were sacrificed, and tissues were collected for histopathological studies. Result:: F1 was compared against the standard formulation (10% w/w betadine, Win-Medicare) for excisional wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. On the foutheenth day, the results for percentage wound contraction in groups 1 (Negative control, vaseline), 2 (Controlled, ointment base), 3 (F1), and 4 (positive control, standard) were found to be 12.01, 25.32, 96.14, and 81.23, respectively.. Results of histopathological studies and H&amp;E staining supported the action of F1, as skin sections showed the junction of normal skin and wound area. Sub-epithelial tissues showed low (-) to mild (+) inflammation. Mild oedema (+) was also noted. Conclusion:: The rat group treated with F1 showed maximum wound contraction, healing, and antiinflammatory activity as per percentage wound contraction and histopathological studies

Management of wounds in diabetes by administering allicin and quercetin in emulsion form as wound medicine in diabetic rat models.

Wounds in diabetes is a complex problem that requires effective treatment at a high cost. Adjuvant therapy from natural bioactive elements can be an alternative to overcome problems in diabetic wound healing disorders. Allicin and quercetin are natural bioactive substances contained in several fruit or vegetable plants that have various pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of allicin and quercetin in emulsion form as wound medicine in helping the wound healing process. Diabetic wistar rats with wounds on their backs measuring 1 × 1 cm were divided into four treatment groups which were given wound medicine once a day for seven days according to their distribution. The wound healing process was evaluated on the third and seventh day. Data were observed and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Measurement of wound healing indicators was carried out by examining wound contraction and histopathological examination showing that the treatment group given the allicin and quercetin formula experienced an improvement compared to the treatment group without allicin and quercetin. Allicin and quercetin increase the percentage of wound contraction, increase the density of blood vessels and the epithelialization process in the wound so that the wound healing process becomes faster. In conclusion, allicin and quercetin can be effective adjuvant therapies in helping wound healing in diabetes. Wound medication in the form of an emulsion is an effective choice, because it can maintain the stability of the allicin and quercetin content and can make the wound environment moist.

Skin grafting with the modified Meek technique in the standing horse using full thickness skin: Evaluation of acceptance, wound contraction and wound closure in chronic wounds.

The modified Meek technique is not commonly used in equine wound management, despite the consistent reliable and superior results compared with other grafting techniques. Major drawbacks are the need for specialised, expensive equipment and general anaesthesia. To describe adjustments of the modified Meek technique enabling use in the standing horse without the need for the full equipment. This implied the use of full-thickness skin grafts manually harvested from the pectoral area and manually cut into micrografts. Graft acceptance; healing progress; and final functional and cosmetic result were outcome parameters. Descriptive case series. Eight horses with traumatic wounds at the dorsal side of the carpus or tarsus, healing by second intention, were treated. Original wound areas and areas of graft acceptance and rejection were determined from post-processing of digital photographs and percentage acceptance, wound contraction and epithelialisation were calculated. The initial mean wound area was 55.4 cm2 . Graft acceptance was 95.3 ± 2.5%. Wound closure was due to 46.0 ± 25.6% wound contraction and 54.0 ± 25.6% epithelialisation and resulted in 96.8 ± 1.9% reduction of the initial wound area 28.0 ± 8.5 days after grafting. The scar was flat, flexible and functional, usually with thin and regular hair growth. The adapted procedure was fast and efficient, with a learning curve for the increased manual work. Small study population. This adapted modified Meek technique can successfully be performed in the standing horse and obviates the need for the full expensive equipment and general anaesthesia. The acceptance of the full-thickness grafts is excellent resulting in fast and satisfactory healing.

Wound healing and antiulcer activities of Solenostemma oleifolium (Nectoux) Bullock &amp; E.A.Bruce ex Maire essential oil in rats

Context: Solenostemma oleifolium is a Saharan plant part of the traditional pharmacopoeia to treat wound and gastric problems. This work supports the presence of active compounds in the essential oil of S. oleifolium, facilitating the healing process. Aims: To evaluate the wound healing and antiulcer effects of the essential oil of S. oleifolium (EOSO). Methods: EOSO was prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicity of the product was evaluated by an acute toxicity test and a skin toxicity test. A 1% EOSO cream was prepared and used. The percentage of wound contraction was monitored in an excision model in rats. A histopathological study was conducted on the damaged tissue throughout the experiment. For the ulcer study, two assays were performed in rats: the aspirin-induced gastric ulcer and the pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer assays. In the aspirin test, the ulcer index and the percentage of ulcer protection were calculated. Results: The major compounds of the EOSO were linalool (57.1%), terpineol (12.95%), and trans-geraniol (12.66%). EOSO was not considered toxic. In the excision rat model, from day 2 to day 10, the wound contraction was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) for the EOSO-treated wound than for the non-treated wound. In the aspirin-induced ulcer test, the ulcer index was significantly reduced in the EOSO-treated rats compared to the control rats (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the wound healing and antiulcer properties of the essential oil of S. oleifolium.

Phytochemical profiling, toxicity studies, wound healing, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Musa paradisiaca L. Musaceae (Plantain) stem extract in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe stem of Musa paradisiaca (plantain) has found application in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, ulcers and wound injuries. Aim of the studyThis study investigated the phytochemical composition, toxicity profile, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous Musa paradisiaca stem extract (AMPSE) in rats. MethodsPhytochemical analysis of methanol-MPSE was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acute toxicity testing was carried out through oral administration of a single dose of AMPSE up to 5 g/kg. Four separate groups of rats were used for the subacute toxicity testing (n = 6). Group 1 served as a normal control and did not receive AMPSE, groups 2–4 received AMPSE daily by gavage for 28 days. In the experiments with excision and incision wounds, the rats were treated with 10 w/w AMPS extract. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of AMPSE were assessed using egg albumin-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-induced writhing methods, respectively. For the subacute, anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies, AMPSE was administered to the experimental rats at doses of 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg body weight. ResultsBioactive compounds identified include β-sitisterol, n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, diethyl sulfate, p-hydroxynorephedrine, phenylephrine, nor-pseudoephedrine, metaraminol, pseudoephedrine and vanillic acid. No signs of toxicity and no deaths were observed in all the groups. For the groups treated with AMPSE for 28 days, a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, sodium, chloride, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed while high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione and superoxide dismutase increased compared to control (p < 0.05). In wound healing experiments, AMPSE showed greater percent wound contraction and wound resistance fracture compared to the povidone-iodine (PI) treated and control groups. Treatment with 900 mg/kg AMPSE resulted in significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects compared to the control. ConclusionThis study shows that AMPSE is not toxic but contains biologically active compounds with hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and wound-healing effects. Treatment of rats with AMPSE has shown that AMPSE has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering and wound-healing effects, supporting its therapeutic use in ethnomedicine.

Assessment of wound healing potential in mice of formulations prepared from methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata L. and Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy of Uttarakhand

The skin develops a wound that is both anatomical and functional. Wound healing is a difficult process of tissue remodeling or repair following injury. In the past, various types of wounds have been treated and managed using plants and chemical components derived from plants. Various varieties are now being explored to establish an affordable, reliable and efficient delivery system for the treatment of wounds. This study used a mouse model to investigate the effects of Methanolic leaf extracts of Oxalis corniculata and Hypericum oblongifolium on wound healing. Oxalis corniculata L. and Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy plant leaf that had been dried by the air was ground up, extracted with methanol and made into formulation code gel F4, F6 and F8. The above formulations were then put topically to test their ability to speed up the healing of excision wound models. The wound contraction, epithelialization time and tensile strength were all measured. Increases in percentage wound contraction and tensile strength, as well as a reduction in the time needed for epithelialization, were seen with both F6 and F8 extract gel formulations. The results of this study correlated the Oxalis corniculata L. and Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy use of the plants by demonstrating that their leaf extracts had strong wound healing efficacy.

A mechanistic insight into cytokines and growth factors in saudi pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) mediated diabetic wound healing in alloxan induced diabetic rats

IntroductionPresent study was designed to understand the role of inflammatory markers and growth factors in later stage of wound healing after treatment with SPPE on wound in alloxan induced diabetic rats. MethodologyThe study was performed by inducing diabetes in wistar rats using alloxan at 150 mg/kg, subcutaneously. The animals were allocated in three groups: Group 1- diabetic excision wound (DEW) without any treatment, Group 2- DEW treated with gel vehicle only, Group 3- DEW treated with 5 %SPPE containing gel. During the treatment period of twenty-one days animals were monitored based on clinical signs, morbidity, and mortality. Percent wound contraction, Growth factors (VEGF, and EGF), proinflammatory markers TNF- α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-4, and IL-17a, anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in wound lysates, and histology of skin were all considered as indicators of effectiveness. ResultsThe vehicle control when compared with the SPPE in gel (5.0 g extract per 100 g of gel) presented significant [p < 0.001] wound healing activity at day 14 and 21 of treatment. Throughout the treatment period the animals were normal and showed no comparable difference in terms of body weight both in group 1 and treatment groups. Both growth factors VEGF & EGF levels were significantly increased in SPPE gel treated wounds on day 14 and 21 compared to Group 2. Other inflammatory markers like TNF- α, IL-1 β and IL-17a were also significantly decreased in SPPE treated wounds as compared to other groups. ConclusionsThis study concludes that topical application of SPPE gel to alloxan-induced diabetic wounds decreases pro-inflammation markers and increases growth factors, hence promoting wound healing.

Development and Evaluation of Curcumin-loaded Niosomal Gel for Wound Healing in Rats

Background: The process of wound healing is a complicated series of organized biochemical and cellular phenomena that restore the integrity of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A drug molecule can be transported to the site of action through a variety of carriers, including niosomes or non-ionic surfactant vesicles. They can trap medications that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. It has been demonstrated that curcumin has strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing qualities. Methods: In the current study, an effort has been made to create a curcumin-loaded niosomal gel for efficient wound healing therapy. Utilizing non-ionic surfactants (Span 60, Span 20, Tween 20, and Tween 60) and cholesterol at various concentrations, a modified thin-film hydration process was used to create niosomal gels containing curcumin. Particle size, shape, entrapment effectiveness, deformability, and in vitro skin penetration were used to describe the vesicles. The 1% carbopol 940 gel was then made using the improved formulation. In wound-induced rats, the effectiveness of the in vivo wound healing was assessed. Results: The manufactured niosomes were discovered to be homogeneous in size and spherical in shape. According to the IR spectrum study, the medication and formulation additives did not interact. It was discovered that the niosomal gel (S-3) loaded with curcumin was not irritating to the skin. According to studies on in vivo wound healing, curcumin-loaded niosomal gel exhibited the highest percentage of wound contraction. Following 21 days of niosomal gel treatment, the histopathological evaluation found a noticeable improvement in the skin's histological architecture. Curcumin-loaded niosomal gel was easily made using the thin film hydration process. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the potential of niosomal gel as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for wound healing.

Isolation of curcumin from Lakadong turmeric of Meghalaya and development of its PLGA-Cur-NS loaded nanogel for potential anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity in Wistar rats

BackgroundLakadong turmeric (LKD) from Meghalaya, India, boasts high curcumin levels, but lacks scientific study. Moreover, Curcumin's poor solubility hinders its clinical use in inflammation and wound healing. This study isolated curcumin from LKD, forming a PLGA nanosuspension-based nanogel and explored for its potential anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity in Wistar rats.MethodologyThe LKD rhizome was successively extracted by soxhlet using chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and their total phenolic content and antioxidant property was determined. Chloroform extract was loaded in column chromatography and curcumin was isolated, purified and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, MS and HPTLC and its purity was analyzed by HPLC. The isolated curcumin was loaded into PLGA nanosuspensions by nanoprecipitation method followed by conversion to carbopol based Nanogel. The nanogels were characterized physicochemically and the drug permeation was observed. The optimized nanogel was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity by carrageenan-induced paw edema and excision wound model in albino Wistar rats divided in five groups and treated with plain carbopol gel, marketed turmeric cream and Cur NS nanogel (0.6% w/w equivalent curcumin each).ResultsResults depicted that the chloroform extract showed the presence of a considerable amount of phenolics with 50-60% yield of curcumin. HPLC analysis depicted that the LKD curcumin had higher purity when compared to standard curcumin. Homogenous curcumin nanosuspensions were obtained with size 150 ± 50 nm and PDI 0.2 ± 0.1. The Cur-NS-nanogel showed satisfactory physical property, drug loading and stability. Ex vivo permeation studies in rats showed controlled permeation with steady state flux of 21.28 ± 0.23 µg/cm2/hr in 24 h. Topical intervention with Cur-NS-nanogel (0.6%) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the paw volume by 43.97% in the 3rd hour and 72.19% on the 4th hour. Furthermore, the cutaneous wound healing property of Cur-NS-nanogel when compared to negative control rats showed a substantial (p < 0.05) reduction in the percentage wound contraction from 5 to 20th days.ConclusionLKD showed high curcumin content with significant antioxidant effects. LKD curcumin loaded into stable nanogel depicted safe and controlled skin permeability with promising cutaneous wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental rats.

EVALUATION OF BAICALEIN LOADED HYDROGEL FOR MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC WOUND HEALING

The Present study aimed to perform a detailed in-vivo study of prepared baicalein (BCA) loaded hydrogel for wound healing effect and effect was compared with the marketed formulation. Prepared hydrogels were characterized and optimized already in previous study. Baicalein-loaded hydrogel (GG-GC-HGs) was prepared by using glycol chitosan gellan gum polymers. Prepared hydrogels were evaluated for wound healing effect using diabetic wound model (Streptozotocin induced) in rats. The wound healing effect was observed by measurement of wound contraction and biochemical estimation (Hydroxyproline, protein content and antioxidant assay) in the wound tissue after treatment. Histological examination of wound tissue was observed. Results of study showed that percent wound contraction of baicalein loaded GG-GC-HGs treated animal group showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction after 10th day of treatment and healed completely on 18th day. Hydroxyproline and protein content were increased significantly with treatment of baicalein-loaded GG-GC-HGs and results were comparable with reference group (Hydroheal Gel) of animals. Antioxidant status was restored after treatment with BCA loaded GG-GC-HGs. The histological observation of wound tissues supported these results. In conclusion, baicalein loaded hydrogel showed prominent wound healing effect through increasing epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation and reducing oxidative stress in diabetic condition.

Studies on Phytochemistry and Wound Healing Activity ofLeaf Extract Ointment of Clerodendrum infortunatum inCanines

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ointments containing leaf extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum for treating wounds in canines in field cases. The 50% ethanolic and methanolic extract of the plant was subjected to preliminary phytochemistry and GC-MS analysis to assess the presence of active phytoconstituents. The wound healing was assessed with percent wound contraction on 0, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 20th day and epithelization period in 30 canines presented with a history of wound at VCC, private clinics, and dog shelters run by NGOs. The 10% w/w ointment of both the extract was used and it was compared with commercially available Povidone Iodine ointment USP 5% (Betadine®). The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, amino acids, phytosterol, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Whereas, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 compounds in ethanolic extract and 24 compounds in methanolic extract. The wound contraction in the methanolic extract ointment treated group was most significant and also demonstrated an epithelization period of 17.5 ± 1.210 days as compared to 22.8 ± 0.525 and 20.9 ± 0.669 in Povidone Iodine ointment and ethanolic extract ointment treated groups, respectively. The finding of the study suggests that the ointment made from the extract of Clerodenrum infortunatum leaves possesses promising wound healing activity.